Phase transition in Ca-poor clinopyroxenes     

Norimasa Shimobayashi  Masao Kitamura 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1991,18(3):153-160

High(C2/c)-low(P2₁/c) phase transition in clinoenstatite and pigeonite was successfully observed in situ at high temperatures for the first time under a transmission electron microscope. The phase transition was revealed to possess the characteristics of a first-order transition, due to the coexistence of both phases separated by the sharp interfaces and the nucleation-growth process. The diffusionless and time-independent reaction suggests that the transition occurs athermal-martensitically. Furthermore, the small or even negative thermal hysteresis and the interface motion suggest that the transition is not a typical type but a thermoelastic type of the martensitic transformation. This type of the transformation, studied extensively in metallurgy in relation to shape memory effect, is first recognized in rock-forming minerals.  相似文献   

Response of a phytoplankton community to nutrient addition under different CO2 and pH conditions     

Takeo Hama  Tomoki Inoue  Risa Suzuki  Hiroto Kashiwazaki  Shigeki Wada  Daisuke Sasano  Naohiro Kosugi  Masao Ishii 《Journal of Oceanography》2016,72(2):207-223

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Observation of the Soya Warm Current using HF ocean radar     

Naoto Ebuchi  Yasushi Fukamachi  Kay I. Ohshima  Kunio Shirasawa  Masao Ishikawa  Toru Takatsuka  Takaharu Daibo  Masaaki Wakatsuchi 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(1):47-61

Three High Frequency (HF) ocean radar stations were installed around the Soya/La Perouse Strait in the Sea of Okhotsk in order to monitor the Soya Warm Current (SWC). The frequency of the HF radar is 13.9 MHz, and the range and azimuth resolutions are 3 km and 5 deg., respectively. The radar covers a range of approximately 70 km from the coast. The surface current velocity observed by the HF radars was compared with data from drifting buoys and shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs). The current velocity derived from the HF radars shows good agreement with that observed using the drifting buoys. The root-mean-square (rms) differences were found to be less than 20 cm s⁻¹ for the zonal and meridional components in the buoy comparison. The observed current velocity was also found to exhibit reasonable agreement with the shipboard ADCP data. It was shown that the HF radars clearly capture seasonal and short-term variations of the SWC. The velocity of the Soya Warm Current reaches its maximum, approximately 1 m s⁻¹, in summer and weakens in winter. The velocity core is located 20 to 30 km from the coast, and its width is approximately 40 km. The surface transport by the SWC shows a significant correlation with the sea level difference along the strait, as derived from coastal tide gauge records at Wakkanai and Abashiri. Deceased.  相似文献   

On the distribution of isothermal layers in the vicinity of the shoal,Kokushô-sone     

Masao Fukasawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1983,39(1):15-21

Data from XBT observations in the vicinity of the shoal, Kokushô-sone (30°00′N, 128°30′E) which is located in the current zone of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea, are analysed to show the distribution of isothermal layers. Isothermal layers are found in abundance in and near a cold water region along the slope of the shoal where the existence of upwelling is suggested. It is found that there is a good spatial correlation between the distribution of isothermal layers and that of cold waters along the slope, and that the distribution of isothermal layers is a helpful indicator for elucidating the nature of oceanic structures in the vicinity of the shoal.  相似文献   

Testing of a towed CTD     

Yukio Fujinawa  Yoshinobu Tsuji  Isao Watabe  Ken Sasaki  Masao Nomoto  Toshiaki Hara  Yoshito Tsuji 《Journal of Oceanography》1980,36(5):253-258

The results of laboratory and field experiments on a CTD measuring unit attached to a controllable towed body is described. It was verified that the three-dimensional distribution of salinity and temperature could be observed with sufficient accuracy (to 0.03 in salinity and to 0.01°C in temperature if proper correction is adopted) while cruising at up to 4 knots. A double integrated A/D converter is used to compensate for effects of extraneous environmental changes.  相似文献   

Algal Growth Potential and the limiting nutrient in Mikawa Bay     

Masao Kondo  Tsutomu Sakai  Hajime Yamamoto  Yukio Arakawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1984,40(5):391-396

The Algal Growth Potential (AGP) of water samples collected off Gamagori in Mikawa Bay was measured from May 1978 through February 1979, and the limiting nutrient was determined using regression analysis and enrichment bioassays. The surface and bottom water samples had AGP that produced increments of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 2.1 mg l^–1 and 3.1 mg l^–1, respectively, on average. These values ofCOD correspond to 46% and 97% of the average COD values of the raw water samples at the surface and bottom, respectively. Seasonal changes of AGP showed a close correlation with those of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration. Enrichment bioassays showed that DIN was the most deficient nutrient. The DIN:phosphate-phosphorus (PO₄ ^3–-P) ratios and DIN: dissolved phosphorus (DP) ratios in the water samples were below the cellular N:P ratios of the natural algal populations. These results suggest that AGP was mainly limited by DIN concentration.  相似文献   

N2 fixation variability in the oligotrophic Sulu Sea, western equatorial Pacific region over the past 83 kyr     

Keiji Horikawa  Masao Minagawa  Yoshihisa Kato  Masafumi Murayama  Seiya Nagao 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(4):427-439

N₂ fixation is an important biological process that adds new nitrogen to oceans and plays a key role in modulating the oceanic nitrate inventory. However, it is not known how, when, and where N₂ fixation rates have varied in response to past climate changes. This study presents a new record of nitrogen isotopic composition (δ¹⁵N) over the last 83 kyr from a sediment core (KH02-4 SUP8) taken in the Sulu Sea in the western equatorial Pacific region; data allow the N₂ fixation variability in the sea to be reconstructed. Sediments, sinking, and suspended particulate organic matter (POM) all have lighter isotopic values compared to the δ¹⁵N values of substrate nitrate (av. 5.8‰) in North Pacific Intermediate Water. These lighter δ¹⁵N values are regarded as reflecting N₂ fixation in the Sulu Sea surface water. A δ¹⁵N mass balance model shows that N₂ fixation rates were significantly enhanced during 54–34 kyr in MIS-3 and MIS-2. It has been speculated that higher interglacial denitrification rates in the Arabian Sea and the eastern tropical Pacific would have markedly decreased the global oceanic N inventory and contributed to the increase in N₂ fixation in oligotrophic regions, but such a model was not revealed by our study. It is possible that changes in N₂ fixation rates in the Sulu Sea were regional response, and accumulation of phosphate in the surface waters due to enhanced monsoon-driven mixing is thought to have stimulated enhancements of N₂ fixation during MIS-3 and MIS-2.  相似文献   

Behavior of heavy metals and particulate matters in seawater expected from that of radioactive nuclides     

Shizuo Tsunogai  Yoshiyuki Nozaki  Masao Minagawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1974,30(6):251-259

Vertical profiles of²¹⁰Pb and²³⁰Th in the deep water were analyzed by using a simple one-dimensional model. Both nuclides are considered to settle down with the velocity of 1×10^–4 cm/sec. The diameter of particle corresponding to the velocity is calculated to be 5, while only about 10 % of the nuclides can be collected on filter paper with a pore size of 0.5. It is supposed that the nuclides exist in particulate materials which is changeable in size. This suggestion is supported from the following evidences. (1) The directly observed behavior of marine snow and the size distribution of particles observed with a coulter counter. (2) The existence of many chemical elements of which residence time is about 150 years. (3) Their possible existence as eutectic solid phases in the seawater. (4) The consistency of the observed accumulation rate of pelagic sediments with that estimated from the settling velocity. (5) The consistency of the decomposition rate of organic matter in the deep water estimated from the oxygen comsumption with that from the settling velocity.  相似文献   

Path Transition of the Kuroshio Due to Mesoscale Eddies: A Two-Layer, Wind-Driven Experiment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kazunori Akitomo  Masao Kurogi 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(6):735-741

We have executed numerical experiments using a two-layer, wind-driven ocean model with simplified coastal geometry and bottom topography to investigate the possibility of the Kuroshio path transition due to mesoscale eddies. A straight path easily changes into a meandering path due to the eddy action. For this transition, an anticyclonic eddy is preferable to a cyclonic one when imposed in the beginning region of the Kuroshio (east of Taiwan). When imposed southeast of Kyushu, on the other hand, a cyclonic eddy is more effective than an anticyclonic one. The reverse transition, from a meandering to a straight path, did not occur at all in this experiment. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Roles of horizontal processes in the formation of density stratification in Hiuchi-Nada     

Hidetaka Takeoka  Yasuhiko Ohno  Norifumi Inahata 《Journal of Oceanography》1991,47(2):33-44

Roles of horizontal processes in the formation of the density stratification in Hiuchi-Nada are investigated by means of a two-dimensional numerical model. In Hiuchi-Nada, vertically mixed and stratified regions are formed due to the regional difference of the tidal currents, and a tidal front is formed between the two regions. The horizontal mixing across the tidal front suppresses the development of the stratification, which is developed too much in the absence of the horizontal mixing. The moderate, realistic stratification cannot be realized in the model without the horizontal mixing. Density currents are formed due to the density distribution associated with the mixed and stratified states. These currents contribute to the horizontal mixing through the shear effect. Horizontal heat transfer from the outside water generates the vertical circulation and causes the stratification. This effect dominantly appears at the early and late stages of the stratified season. The stratification is initiated before the beginning of the surface heating and persists beyond the end, due to the horizontal heat transfer.  相似文献